Monday, March 8, 2010

Music academies of the world

College or university school of music


A university school of music or college of music, or academy of music or conservatoire (French, but used in British English) — also known as a conservatory (American and British English) or a conservatorium (Australian English) — is a higher education institution dedicated to teaching the art of music, including the playing of musical instruments, singing, musical composition, musicianship, musicology, music history and music theory.

Colleges of music and university schools of music are tertiary level institutions, and they may either be independent or part of a university. Many music schools originated as vocational training centers for would-be professional musicians, often outside the main academic structure. These institutions have retained an emphasis on performance into the 21st century, while also adopting a more formal academic approach. On the other hand there are university music departments, which originally placed more emphasis on academic study of music, but often place greater emphasis on performance now than they did in the past. The two groups overlap more than they used to, with the specific balance of vocational training and academic study varying from one institution to another.

History

Wiki letter w.svg This section requires expansion.
Graduates of Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg Conservatory include Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Sergey Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, and George Balanchine.

In the late 7th century, the Schola Cantorum, school of singers, was founded by the Roman Catholic Church, may be the first professional music school in history. Soon after, the Chinese Royal Academy was set up by Emperor Gaozu of Tang in the purpose to teach music, theater, and dance for court entertainment, being the first school to teach singing, instrumental performing, acting, and such.

Contemporary institutions

Some institutions have university status while others have vocational university status. University schools of music grant professional degrees. The time required to complete music degrees is generally not much different from degrees in other fields, i.e. 3-4 years for a Bachelor of Music degree, 2 years for a Master of Music degree, and 3 years for a Doctor of Musical Arts or Doctor of Music Degree. A Ph.D degree is usually gained for areas such as musicology, music theory, music composition, or music education. Some schools also offer a non-academic degree that is solely performance based, such as the A.D. or Artist Diploma; this may be offered at the undergraduate and/or graduate level. In addition, some schools may offer non-professional music-related degrees such as a Bachelor of Arts in Music or a Bachelor of Arts in Music Education.

The National Association of Schools of Music (NASM), is an accreditor for colleges or university schools of music in the United States of America. They currently accredit 610 institutions of higher learning[citation needed].

The European Association of Conservatoires (AEC) is the main association of colleges or university schools of music in Europe.

Instruments and subjects

Most of the world's famous music colleges and conservatories like the Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Music in London, the Paris Conservatoire, the Juilliard School of Music in New York and the Felix Mendelssohn College of Music and Theatre in Leipzig focus on Western art music (classical music). However, in non-European, non-Oceanic and non-American countries, especially Asian conservatories, traditional instruments may be offered as a principal study. An example is the Shanghai Conservatory of Music in Shanghai, China and other Chinese conservatories, where Chinese traditional instruments are taught.

Certain schools or conservatories may be exclusively focused on music, such as the New England Conservatory in Boston and the Manhattan School of Music and Mannes College in New York City. Others may have one or more other focuses such as the Boston Conservatory which instructs in music, theatre, dance and music education.

Music schools by country


Music schools in Germany

Music schools in Germany cater for students from an early age to postgraduate degrees. They exist within and outwith the formal education system. Fulltime music education with Musikgymnasiums can begin as early as 10 years of age.

Musikschulen

Public Music Schools are charities of the musical education of children, adolescents and adults. They are usually in public ownership as an Association or comply with a public mission. They supplement, rather than replacing music instruction in school. Public Music Schools can be found in most cities and towns. There were 914 public music schools , as of 1 January 2009. Private Music Schools also exist such as "Musik Froehlich" Or "Yamaha Schools of Music "

Musikgymnasium

Music Gymnasiums are secondary schools with a musical Focus which are designed to prepare children (from as young as 10/11) specifically for a musical education. Music gymnasiums can be Day schools or Boarding. Music Gymnasiums include special musical subjects such as Rhythm, Music Theory, Ear Training, Composition Student’s normally study two musical instruments including the Piano.

In three cases; Sächsisches Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" in Dresden, Musikgymnasium Belvedere Weimar and; Musikgymnasium Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in Berlin, the Music Gymnasia work closely with a Hochschule, from where they receive their main instrumental/vocal lessons.

Musikhochschulen

Germany has 24 Musikhochschulen which carry out professional music training. These institutions have university status and are financed by the bundeslander (states) The range of courses covers all musical disciplines including composition, music theory, conducting, performance (singing & instruments) and musicology.

A number of Musikhochschulen include Hochbegabtenzentrum (pre-college departments) whereby students receive instrumental lessons and music theory at weekend classes. Students attend normal schools during the week. Pre-college departments are available at the Hochschule für Musik Köln, Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover, Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Mannheim and the Detmold Hochschule für Musik


Music schools in Scotland

Music schools in Scotland are available at several levels. Formal music education begins at 4½ years and can progress as high as postgraduate studies

Music Service

Music services are working in almost all state schools and provide much of their instruction during the regular school day. Most of them offer instrumental tuition for pupils in their schools. On average one instrumental / vocal lesson lasts from 30 minutes and is usually given once a week.

A primary school is usually limited in the numbers of pupils they provide lessons to and lessons usually comprise of a small group of 2 to 4 children.

Most independent (fee-paying) schools work on a similar basis to the above. Some independent schools such as Loretto School also give music scholarships.

Centres of Excellence

Scotland has four centres of excellence. These schools select a small number of pupils who show a special ability in music. Admission is by audition. The schools are located within comprehensive schools from which they receive normal academic classes. Students are attracted from within the local region and even nationally.

The schools comprise of;

The number of music students is relatively small in comparison with the host school. Secondary students at the City of Edinburgh Music school are 30-40 compared to 1,000 within the host High School. Typically, music students receive individual instrument lessons, theory and practice time within the music school. The City of Edinburgh Music School is the only 'centre of excellence' which directly operates within a primary school. The schools are funded by the Local Education Authority within which they are located.

Specialist Music School

St Mary's Music School is a specialist music school in Edinburgh, Scotland, for children aged 9–18. The school offers education to musically talented children and is the only specialist full-time music school in Scotland. In addition to their main studies, students receive intensive instruction on a solo instrument and a program of music according to their age. This includes ear training, chamber music, chorus, composition, jazz and music technology.

Entry is solely by audition. Successful applicants receive financial support through the Scottish Government’s Aided Places Scheme. Students combine both academic and music studies within the school. The school is also the choir school of St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral and all it's 70 students are either instrumentalists or choristers. It attracts it's pupils nationally, from the rest of the UK and abroad.

St Mary's is a member of the UK Music and Dance Excellence (MADE) Schools and is within the tradition of other specialist music schools throughout Europe such as the Dresden Music Gymnasium; Sächsisches Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" or the Yehudi Menuhin School, England

Private tuition

Amateur or Private Schools of Music offers music education outside the general education system for students aged 4 to 20 + years. In general, students attend these schools, weekend or evening. The schools are, for example those provided by individuals, charitable or commercial organizations. Examples include the North East of Scotland Music School, Portobello Music School and Yamaha Music School.

In addition qualified teachers provide musical training outside of an establishment or the mainstream education system for pupils aged 4 to 20+ years. The objective of education varies from amateur to training (pre-) professional music training, according to the personal ambitions of students.

Universities and Colleges

A number of universities have music departments and offer degrees in music - Bachelor, Master and Doctorate. This can be performance related and/or music theory which can be combined with other subjects. Scottish universities offering degrees are as follows;

Conservatoire

The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (RSAMD) is Scotland’s Conservatoire of music, theatre and dance. Although there is some overlap with the music departments of Universities, the Academy seeks to be practical and focuses on career development. In 1993 the RSAMD was first in the United Kingdom which was granted to give their own degrees. Research degrees are validated by the University of St Andrews.

Junior Academy

The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama operates a Junior Academy, with classes on Saturdays during term-time. Approximately 250 students attend and the academy is intended for those children with above average musical ability and potential. The school day includes choir, theory and musicianship classes and principal study lesson. The day also includes orchestral and chamber music rehearsals.


Music schools in Serbia

In Serbia, there are 70 primary music schools, 30 secondary music schools and 6 university music departments.

Primary music schools

Primary music schools are attended by pupils up to 14 years old. Those schools last two to six years, depending on major, and provide basic knowledge about music (playing an instrument, Solfeggio, Music Theory, and ensembles - Choir, Orchestra or Chamber Music).

Secondary music schools

Secondary music schools are regular four-year secondary schools, which provide a broad knowledge in applied and theoretical areas of music, as well as in humanities. After completion of all the exams, including juries at the end of the first three years and, usually, at the end of the first term of each year, a student must also present one full recital at the end of the last year (vocal-instrumental department) or pass a matura in several theoretical courses (theoretical department).

Faculties and academies of music

Faculties and academies of music are units of the universities and are situated in the following towns: Belgrade (one state and one private), Novi Sad, Zvečan, Niš, Kragujevac. They provide Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Music, Master of Arts , Specialist and Ph.D. degrees


Music schools in the United States

In the United States, there are four types of music schools. Three of them follow the more traditional formats of music education. The last one is more informal and includes schools that teach the history and performance of world music.

Preparatory schools

The first type and seemingly the most prevalent (though not the largest) are preparatory schools. Almost all of the major conservatories and music schools of the United States also carry a preparatory program, which trains elementary school-age children and high school-age youths in music performance, dance, or other artistic endeavors. The top students from the preparatory programs may continue their studies at the post-secondary level, and enter professional training programs. There are also 3 boarding prepatory schools in the US that offer pre-professional training in music at a college level. They are: Idyllwild Arts Academy, Interlochen Center for the Arts, and Walnut Hill School

Independent conservatories

Conservatories are the most individual and popular type of music school. Conservatories completely focus on music and do not specialize in anything else. Usually emphasis within the school will be focused on either "Classical" or "Contemporary" studies, though in recent years, this divide has begun to meld. Some conservatories also include instruction in drama and dance, most notably the Juilliard School, however this instruction is usually not considered part of the "Conservatory" part of the School. In the Juilliard School, for example, there are three schools each operating quasi-independently; the Juilliard School of Music is the only true "Conservatory" part of the school.

Notable Classical conservatories in the United States are:

Notable contemporary music (Jazz and popular styles) conservatories are:

Often, academic requirements for conservatories are merely supplemental to a music student's education and career. This makes them very popular with students who are aiming at a professional performance career, and who do not wish to do all of the academic requirements that are normally required at music schools that are part of a larger university system.

As part of a larger university

While closely related to independent conservatories, this type of schools is where a music school is amalgamated as part of a larger university using the university's resources.

Notable examples of this type of music school are:

Conservatory as part of a larger university

These schools are somewhat inbetween a university music school and an independent conservatory.

Several conservatories and contemporary music (jazz) schools that are tied to a university often function as a separate entity while being attached to a university. There are several reasons that music conservatories want to be affiliated with universities. Being affiliated with a university may enable a music college to offer a broader education to its students, because it enables students from the music college to take liberal arts courses from the university (e.g., English literature, history, etc) as well as enabling musically-gifted students from the main university campus to have access to conservatory-grade music lessons. As well, with the affiliation, the students from the music college may be able to use the facilities of the university, such as the gym, swimming pool, and health services. Finally, affiliation with a university may enable a music college to offer a broader range of degrees, such as the Master of Music degree (M.Mus.), which the university may be able to grant. However, because of the separation, students are often given more freedom in choosing their curriculum that those in a typical university music school. For example, while they have the option of taking classes at the main university campus, they are generally not required to do so. Likewise, more academically-minded music students are given more freedom to pursue their non-musical interests than they would be at a regular, independent conservatory.

Notable cases of conservatories that are affiliated with universities are the Eastman School of Music (affiliated with the University of Rochester), The Hartt School (affiliated with the University of Hartford), Mannes College (affiliated with the New School), and the Peabody Institute (affiliated with The Johns Hopkins University). All of these conservatories were independent schools before joining a larger entity. For example, Eastman and Mannes, while having separate admissions offices than the larger university, both share the larger's bursars and student services offices. These schools are also removed from their respective university's campuses further showing their independence.

Though some of these music schools do forego requiring prospective applicants to meet university admission standards, most still follow a strict complementary structure of general education along with music education.

Other

The fourth type of music school is the most informal. These schools are not incorporated in terms of their recognition as a school entitled to non-profit legal status. Almost anyone can attend these schools and pay a for-profit fee for instruction in diverse types of music




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